71.100.45 (Refrigerants and antifreezes) 标准查询与下载

ASTM D2847-15 汽车和轻型卡车设备中测试发动机冷却剂的标准规程

5.1 The data obtained from the use of this practice will provide a basis for the evaluation of coolant performance in passenger car. light and heavy duty truck service (according to the test vehicles chosen). The data obtained may also be used to provide added significance to the data obtained from simulated service and engine dynamometer tests. 1.1 This practice covers an updated procedure for evaluating corrosion protection and performance of an engine coolant in passenger car, light and heavy duty truck service that closely imitates current vehicle and engine manufacturers practices. Note 1: Coolant evaluation in vehicle service may require considerable time and expense; therefore, the product should be pretested in the laboratory for general acceptability. Typical tests vary from small, closely controlled tests, to large tests where close control is not always practical. The most often referenced protocols for laboratory testing are defined in Specifications D3306, D6210, D7517, D7518, D7714, and D7715. 1.2 The units quoted in this practice are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are approximate equivalents for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 7.

Standard Practice for Testing Engine Coolants in Car and Light Truck Service

ASTM D1176-14 试验用发动机冷却剂或防锈剂水溶液取样和制备的标准实施规程

3.1 This practice is used commonly by vehicle service or laboratory personnel for sampling and preparing aqueous solutions of engine coolants or antirust for further evaluation and testing. 3.2 This practice shall be followed when sampling and preparing aqueous solutions of products for evaluation in ASTM test methods. 3.3 Care must be taken to ensure that a representative sample of product is taken. 3.4 This practice describes several different test methods. The methods to be followed should be agreed to by the supplier and the customer. 1.1 This practice covers information on sampling and preparing solutions of engine coolants and antirusts (Notes 1 and 2). 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are approximate equivalents given for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Note 1—Antirust as referred to in this practice covers products intended for use in automotive/light-duty and heavy-duty applications in which water is used as the cooling medium.Note 2—Antirust products are available in liquid and solid form. Solids should be handled as outlined in Annex A1.

Standard Practice for Sampling and Preparing Aqueous Solutions of Engine Coolants or Antirusts for Testing Purposes

ASTM D7896-14 采用瞬态热线液体热导方法测定发动机冷却剂和相关流体热导率, 热扩散率和体积热容量的标准试验方法

5.1 This test method covers the measurement of thermal properties for engine coolants (aqueous or non-aqueous) and related fluids. 5.2 With each single measurement, the thermal conductivity (λ) and thermal diffusivity (α) are measured directly, and volumetric heat capacity (VHC) is determined by the relationship: 5.3 The test method is transient and requires only a small amount of specimen and a short duration of time (0.8 s) to run a measurement. These attributes minimize heat convection in the liquid. 5.4 The brief application of current to the sensor wire adds very little heat to the test specimen and ten repetitive tests may be applied at 30-s intervals without causing any significant convection or temperature drift. 1.1 This test method covers the use of a transient hot wire liquid thermal conductivity method and associated equipment (the System) for the determination of thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity and volumetric heat capacity of aqueous engine coolants, non-aqueous engine coolants, and related fluids. The System is intended for use in a laboratory. 1.2 The System directly measures thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity without the requirement to input any additional properties. Volumetric heat capacity is calculated by dividing the thermal conductivity by the thermal diffusivity of the sample measured. 1.3 This test method can be applied to any aqueous or non-aqueous engine coolants or related fluid with thermal conductivity in the range of 0.1 to 1.0 W/m∙K. 1.4 This test method excludes fluids that react with platinum. 1.5 The range of temperatures applicable to this test method is –20 to 100°C. 1.6 This test method requires a sample of approximately 40 mL. 1.7 The System may be used without external pressurization for any fluid having a vapor pressure of 33.8 kPa (4.9 psia) or less at the test temperature. 1.8 For a fluid having a vapor pressure greater than 33.8 kPa (4.9 psia) at the test temperature, external pressurization is required (see Annex A2). 1.9 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.9.1 Exception—Inch-pound units are provided in 1.7, 1.8, 4.1, 7.8, and A2.1 for information. 1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Thermal Conductivity, Thermal Diffusivity and Volumetric Heat Capacity of Engine Coolants and Related Fluids by Transient Hot Wire Liquid Thermal Conductivity Method

ASTM D7934/D7934M-14 在排热条件下无水发动机冷却剂对铸造铝合金腐蚀性的标准试验方法

4.1 It is essential that engine coolants prevent heat-transfer corrosion of aluminum cylinder heads during engine operation. Any corrosion products formed may deposit on interior radiator surfaces, reducing heat-transfer efficiency of the radiator. Overheating and boil-over of the cooling system may then occur. 4.2 This test method provides a means for selectively screening unused non-aqueous engine coolants and will readily distinguish those coolants that are unsuitable for use with aluminum cylinder head engines. However, satisfactory performance of a coolant in this test method does not ensure adequate long-term service performance. Additional, more comprehensive evaluations with simulated service, dynamometer, and vehicle tests should be used to establish the long-term effectiveness of the coolant. 1.1 This test method covers a laboratory screening procedure for evaluating the effectiveness of non-aqueous engine coolants in combating corrosion of aluminum casting alloys under heat-transfer conditions that may be present in aluminum cylinder head engines. 1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Some values have only SI units because the inch-pound equivalents are not used in practice. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Some specific hazards statements are given in Sections 11 and 12.

Standard Test Method for Corrosion of Cast Aluminum Alloys in Non-Aqueous Engine Coolants Under Heat-Rejecting Conditions

ASTM D7304-14 采用HPLC测定发动机冷却液中苯甲地那铵离子的标准试验方法

4.1 This test method provides for the qualitative and quantitative determination of denatonium benzoate in engine coolant in milligrams per litre to low percent range and requires approximately 1 mL per test, with results available in less than 10 min. Denatonium benzoate is a compound composed of a quaternary ammonium cation, denatonium and an inert anion, benzoate. In solution the denatonium benzoate exists in equilibrium between the denatonium benzoate compound, the denatonium cation and benzoate anion. By slightly adjusting the pH of the solution to be more acidic (≈ pH 4.6) the equilibrium will be shifted to the direction of forming more denatonium and benzoate ions in the solution. 1.1 This test method covers the chemical analysis of engine coolant for denatonium benzoate (DNB) by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). DNB is added to potentially render engine coolant unpalatable to animals and humans. This analytical method was designed for the analysis of DNB and is not valid for any other bittering agents such as denatonium saccharide. 1.2 This test method is applicable to both new and used coolants. 1.3 Coelution of other ions may cause interferences in the detection of the denatonium cation. In the case of unfamiliar formulations, identification verification should be performed by either or both fortification and dilution of the sample matrix with denatonium ion. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Denatonium Ion in Engine Coolant by HPLC

ASTM D7935/D7935M-14 玻璃器具中无水发动机冷却液腐蚀性试验的标准试验方法

4.1 This test method will generally distinguish between non-aqueous coolants that are definitely deleterious from the corrosion standpoint and those that are suitable for further evaluation. However, the results of this test method cannot stand alone as evidence of satisfactory corrosion inhibition. The actual service value of an engine coolant formulation can be determined only by more comprehensive bench, dynamometer, and field tests. 1.1 This test method covers a simple beaker-type procedure for evaluating the effects of non-aqueous engine coolants on metal specimens under controlled laboratory conditions (see Appendix X1). Note 1: For more information on aqueous and non-aqueous engine coolants, see (Refs 1-9).2 1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Some values have only SI units because the inch-pound equivalents are not used in practice. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Some specific hazards statements are given in 10.1.7.2, 10.1.7.3, and 10.1.7.4.

Standard Test Method for Corrosion Test for Non-Aqueous Engine Coolants in Glassware

ASTM D3306-14 汽车及轻型设备用乙二醇基发动机冷却剂的标准规范

1.1 This specification covers the requirements for ethylene glycol or propylene glycol base engine coolants used in automobiles or other light duty service cooling systems. When concentrates are used at 40 to 708201;% concentration by volume in water, or when prediluted glycol base engine coolants 50 volume % or higher engine coolant concentrate are used without further dilution, they will function effectively to provide protection against freezing, boiling, and corrosion. 1.2 The coolants governed by this specification are categorized as follows: Coolant Type Description     I Ethylene glycol base concentrate II Propylene glycol base concentrate V Ethylene glycol base concentrate containing glycerin     III Ethylene glycol predilute 50 volume % or higher engine coolant concentrate IV Propylene glycol predilute 50 volume % or higher engine coolant concentrate VI Ethylene glycol base predilute containing glycerin 50 volume % or higher engine coolant concentrate Note 1—This specification is based on the knowledge of the performance of engine coolants prepared from new or virgin ingredients. This specification shall also apply to engine coolants prepared using glycol generated from recycled or reprocessed used coolant or reprocessed industrial-source glycol, provided that said glycol meets the requirements of Specification E1177. Separate specifications (D6471 and D6472) exist for engine coolants prepared from recycled or reprocessed used coolant or reprocessed industrial-source glycol that does not meet the requirements established in Specification E1177. This specification shall also apply to glycol based engine coolants prepared using fully refined glycerin provided that said glycerin meets the requirements for Specification D7640. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the ......

Standard Specification for Glycol Base Engine Coolant for Automobile and Light-Duty Service

ASTM D1122-13 使用液体比重计测量发动机冷却剂及其浓缩物密度和相对密度的标准试验方法

4.1 The relative density of an engine coolant may be used to determine the approximate percent glycol, freezing point, and boiling point, provided the glycol type is known. 4.2 The relative density of an engine coolant concentrate can be used as a production control test. 1.1 This test method covers the determination of the relative density of engine coolant concentrates and engine coolants. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Density or Relative Density of Engine Coolant Concentrates and Engine Coolants By The Hydrometer

ASTM D7713-12 含水乙二醇基发动机冷却剂的标准规格(标称值53%)

1.1 This specification covers both commercial products, engine coolant grade ethylene glycol and propylene glycol, including virgin glycols and those derived from the recycling of vehicle engine coolants and industrial source glycols. 1.2 Types EG-1 and PG-1 cover glycols with sufficiently low limits on components to allow a blended coolant to meet most OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) specifications. These types will probably be virgin materials, although redistillation could produce a sufficiently pure product. Types EG-2 and PG-2 cover glycol that will be suitable for many coolants. These types can be either redistilled or virgin. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Specification for Aqueous Engine Coolant Grade Glycol (53% Nominal)

ASTM D1177-12 含水发动机冷却剂凝固点的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the freezing point of an aqueous engine coolant solution in the laboratory. Note 1???Where solutions of specific concentrations are to be tested, they shall be prepared from representative samples as directed in Practice D1176. Secondary phases separating on dilution need not be separated. Note 2???These products may also be marketed in a ready-to-use form (prediluted). 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 8199; This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Freezing Point of Aqueous Engine Coolants

ASTM D7736-12 乙二醇中酸和乙二醇酯测定的标准试验方法

The presence of acids or glycol esters in the ethylene glycol used to produce engine coolant is undesirable. Under conditions in an engine cooling system, the esters can hydrolyze to form glycol and an acid. The acid will react with the corrosion inhibitors, thereby reducing the useful life of the coolant. This method can determine the amount of acid and glycol ester present in the ethylene glycol.1.1 This test method covers the determination of free acids and glycol esters in ethylene glycol by titration. 1.2 This test method is for used on ethylene glycol used for the manufacture of engine coolant. It can not be used on formulated engine coolant. The inhibitors will interfere with the determination. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Acids and Glycol Esters in Ethylene Glycol

ASTM D7820-12 用旋转压力容器测定加速热和氧化条件下发动机冷却液防腐蚀性能的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers determination of engine coolant corrosion protection and stability under accelerated thermal and oxidizing conditions using a rotary pressure vessel. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.7, 6.8, 6.9, 6.10, 11.1, 12.8, 12.9, and 12.10.

Standard Test Method for Engine Coolant Corrosion Protection Under Accelerated Thermal and Oxidizing Conditions Using a Rotating Pressure Vessel

ASTM D7840-12 在玻璃器皿中发动机冷却剂起泡倾向的试验方法

1.1 This test method covers a simple glassware test for evaluating the tendency of non-aqueous engine coolants to foam under laboratory controlled conditions of aeration and temperature. 1.2 Units???The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 7.2 and 7.3.

Standard Test Method for Foaming Tendencies of Non-Aqueous Engine Coolants in Glassware

ASTM D7715-12 重型发动机全配方甘油基发动机冷却液的标准规格

1.1 This specification covers the requirements for fully-formulated glycerin base coolants for cooling systems of heavy-duty engines. When concentrates are used at 40 to 60 % glycerin concentration by volume in water of suitable quality (see Appendix X1), or when prediluted glycerin base engine coolants (50 volume % min) are used without further dilution, they will function effectively during both winter and summer to provide protection against corrosion, cavitation, freezing, and boiling. 1.2 This specification is intended to cover the requirements for engine coolants prepared from virgin glycerin. Note 18212;This specification is based on the knowledge of the performance of engine coolants prepared from new or virgin ingredients that comply with Specification D7714. 1.3 The coolants governed by this specification are categorized as follows: Coolant Type Description V-FF Glycerin base concentrate VI-FF Glycerin predilute (50 vol %) 1.4 Coolant concentrates meeting this specification do not require addition of supplemental coolant additive (SCA) until the first maintenance interval when a maintenance dose of SCA is required to continue protection in certain heavy duty engine cooling systems, particularly those of the wet cylinder liner-in-block design. The SCA additions are defined by and are the primary responsibility of the engine manufacturer or vehicle manufacturer. If they provide no instructions, follow the SCA supplier's instructions. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Specification for Fully-Formulated Glycerin Base Engine Coolant for Heavy-Duty Engines

ASTM D1120-11e1 发动机冷却剂沸点的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the equilibrium boiling point of engine coolants. The equilibrium boiling point indicates the temperature at which the sample will start to boil in a cooling system under equilibrium conditions at atmospheric pressure. Note 18212;Engine coolants may also be marketed in a ready-to-use form (prediluted). This test procedure is applicable to diluted solutions as well as to concentrates. Note 28212;The procedure for obtaining a representative test sample of a coolant solution that contains an antileak additive is found in Test Method D1176. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Boiling Point of Engine Coolants

ASTM D7736-11 测定乙二醇中酸和乙二醇酯的标准试验方法

The presence of acids or glycol esters in the ethylene glycol used to produce engine coolant is undesirable. Under conditions in an engine cooling system, the esters can hydrolyze to form glycol and an acid. The acid will react with the corrosion inhibitors, thereby reducing the useful life of the coolant. This method can determine the amount of acid and glycol ester present in the ethylene glycol.1.1 This test method covers the determination of free acids and glycol esters in ethylene glycol by titration. 1.2 This test method is for used on ethylene glycol used for the manufacture of engine coolant. It can not be used on formulated engine coolant. The inhibitors will interfere with the determination. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Acids and Glycol Esters in Ethylene Glycol

ASTM D6130-11 用感应耦合等离子体.原子发散光谱法测定发动机冷却剂中硅和其它元素的标准试验方法

Some engine coolants are formulated with silicon containing additives. This test method provides a means of determining the concentration of dissolved or dispersed elements which give an indication of this additive content in the engine coolant.1.1 This test method covers the determination of silicon in engine coolant by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). Silicon can be determined as low as the range of 5 ppm by this test method. Other elements also found in engine coolant can be determined by this method. This test method is applicable to the determination of dissolved or dispersed elements. 1.2 This test method is applicable to both new and used engine coolant. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Silicon and Other Elements in Engine Coolant by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectroscopy

ASTM D7640-11 丙二醇型发动机冷却液的标准规格

1.1 This specification covers engine coolant grade glycerine (1, 2, 3 Propanetriol, Glycerol). 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Specification for Engine Coolant Grade Glycerin

ASTM D7715-11 重型发动机全配方甘油基发动机冷却液的标准规范

1.1 This specification covers the requirements for fully-formulated glycerin base coolants for cooling systems of heavy-duty engines. When concentrates are used at 40 to 60 % glycerin concentration by volume in water of suitable quality (see Appendix X1), or when prediluted glycerin base engine coolants (50 volume % min) are used without further dilution, they will function effectively during both winter and summer to provide protection against corrosion, cavitation, freezing, and boiling. 1.2 This specification is intended to cover the requirements for engine coolants prepared from virgin glycerin. Note 18212;This specification is based on the knowledge of the performance of engine coolants prepared from new or virgin ingredients that comply with Specification D7640. 1.3 The coolants governed by this specification are categorized as follows: Coolant Type Description V-FF Glycerin base concentrate VI-FF Glycerin predilute (50 vol %) 1.4 Coolant concentrates meeting this specification do not require addition of supplemental coolant additive (SCA) until the first maintenance interval when a maintenance dose of SCA is required to continue protection in certain heavy duty engine cooling systems, particularly those of the wet cylinder liner-in-block design. The SCA additions are defined by and are the primary responsibility of the engine manufacturer or vehicle manufacturer. If they provide no instructions, follow the SCA supplier's instructions. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Specification for Fully-Formulated Glycerin Base Engine Coolant for Heavy-Duty Engines

ASTM D1287-11 发动机冷却剂和防锈剂PH值的标准试验方法

pH is a measure of the hydrogen ion concentration and indicates whether an engine coolant, antirust, or a solution of these compounds is acidic, alkaline, or neutral. The pH range includes values from 0 to 14. Values from 0 to 7 represent the acidic half of the scale. Values from 7 to 14 represent the alkaline or basic half of the scale. The pH value 7 is considered neutral, as it is neither acidic nor alkaline. pH is sometimes used for production quality control. It is generally desirable that engine coolants have an alkaline pH. pH is not significant from the standpoint of predicting service life. The pH of used engine coolants or antirust solutions is not a dependable indication of either existing effectiveness or remaining life of the solution.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the pH of unused engine coolants and antirusts, and used or unused aqueous dilutions of the concentrated products. Note 18212;Antirusts in solid form are not included in this test method. Note 28212;It is believed that this procedure gives all the information required for determining the pH of samples of engine coolant or antirust likely to be encountered. Should additional information on pH determinations be needed, reference should be made to Test Method E70. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for pH of Engine Coolants and Antirusts